0 Basic hardware components

All network consisting of basic hardware building blocks to connect the network node, such as Network Interface Cards (NICs), Bridges, Hubs, Switches, and Router. In addition, several methods for connecting the building block is needed, usually in the form of galvanic cable (most commonly Category 5 cable). Less common are microwave link (as in IEEE 802.12) or optical cable ( "optical fiber"). Ethernet cards may also be required.


Network interface card

A network card, network adapter or NIC (network interface card) is part of computer hardware designed to allow computers to communicate through computer networks. Provide physical access to a network of secondary and often provide low-level system through the use of address pengalamatan March


Repeater


A Repeater is a device that receives electronic signals and back mentransmisikan at the level of higher power, or to other areas of obstruksi, so the signal can cover the distance without degradation. In most twisted pair Ethernet configurations, the Repeater is required to table the cable more than 100 meters.


Hubs


When a package arrived at a port, it copied everything that was not to last all the hub port for shipment. Address the objectives of the framework does not change the broadcast address.


Bridge


A network bridge connects multiple network segments at the data link layer (layer 2) OSI model. Bridge not arbitrary copy traffic to all ports, such as a hub to do, but learn any address in March achieved through a specific port. After a friend and bridge port address, it will send traffic to that address only to port. Bridge to send a broadcast to all ports except the one in which the broadcast was received.

Association of ports and bridges learn addresses by checking the source address of frames that look at various ports. Once a frame arrives through the port, the source address is stored and the bridge assumes that the Mac was related to the address port. For the first time that the destination address is not known previously seen, the bridge will continue the frame to all ports other than one frame coming.